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Ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｓａｍｐｌｅ ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ ａｎｄ ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ ｉｓ ａ ｐａｒｔ ｏｆ Ｔｈｅ Ａｃｔｕａｒｙ'ｓ Ｆｒｅｅ Ｓｔｕｄｙ Ｇｕｉｄｅ ｆｏｒ Ｅｘａｍ 5, ａｕｔｈｏｒｅｄ ｂｙ Ｍｒ. Ｓｔｏｌｙａｒｏｖ. Ｔｈｉｓ ｉｓ Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ 50 ｏｆ ｔｈｅ Ｓｔｕｄｙ Ｇｕｉｄｅ. Ｓｅｅ ａｎ ｉｎｄｅｘ ｏｆ ａｌｌ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ ｂｙ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｌｉｎｋ ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ. Ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｓｔｕｄｙ ｇｕｉｄｅ ｉｓ ｉｎｔｅｎｄｅｄ ｔｏ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ ｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ ａｎｄ ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ ｔｏ ａｃｃｏｍｐａｎｙ ｔｈｅ ｐａｇｅｓ ｏｆ Ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ Ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓ, Ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎ, ａｎｄ Ｓｔａｔｕｔｏｒｙ Ａｃｃｏｕｎｔｉｎｇ, ｃｉｔｅｄ ｂｅｌｏｗ. Ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ａｒｅ ｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅｄ ｔｏ ｒｅａｄ ｔｈｅｓｅ ｐａｇｅｓ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ａｔｔｅｍｐｔｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ. Ｔｈｉｓ ｓｔｕｄｙ ｇｕｉｄｅ ｉｓ ｅｎｔｉｒｅｌｙ ａｎ ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ ｅｆｆｏｒｔ ｂｙ Ｍｒ. Ｓｔｏｌｙａｒｏｖ ａｎｄ ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ａｆｆｉｌｉａｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ａｎｙ ｏｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ(ｓ) ｔｏ ｗｈｏｓｅ ｔｅｘｔｂｏｏｋｓ ｉｔ ｒｅｆｅｒｓ, ｎｏｒ ｄｏｅｓ ｉｔ ｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ ｓｕｃｈ ｏｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ(ｓ). Ｓｏｍｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｈｅｒｅ ａｓｋ ｆｏｒ ｓｈｏｒｔ ｗｒｉｔｔｅｎ ａｎｓｗｅｒｓ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ. Ｔｈｉｓ ｉｓ ｍｅａｎｔ ｔｏ ｇｉｖｅ ｔｈｅ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ ｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ ｉｎ ａｎｓｗｅｒｉｎｇ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｒｍａｔ ｔｈａｔ ｗｉｌｌ ａｐｐｅａｒ ｏｎ Ｅｘａｍ 5. Ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ａｒｅ ｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅｄ ｔｏ ｔｙｐｅ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｏｗｎ ａｎｓｗｅｒｓ ｆｉｒｓｔ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｎ ｔｏ ｃｏｍｐａｒｅ ｔｈｅｓｅ ａｎｓｗｅｒｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ ｇｉｖｅｎ ｈｅｒｅ. Ｐｌｅａｓｅ ｎｏｔｅ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄ ｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ｎｏｔ ｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｉｌｙ ｔｈｅ ｏｎｌｙ ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ ｏｎｅｓ. Ｓｏｕｒｃｅ: Ｍｙｈｒ, Ａ.Ｅ.; ａｎｄ Ｍａｒｋｈａｍ, Ｊ.Ｊ. Ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ Ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓ, Ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎ, ａｎｄ Ｓｔａｔｕｔｏｒｙ Ａｃｃｏｕｎｔｉｎｇ (Ｓｅｃｏｎｄ Ｅｄｉｔｉｏｎ). Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ ｆｏｒ Ｃｈａｒｔｅｒｅｄ Ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙ Ｃａｓｕａｌｔｙ Ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒｓ. 2004. Ｃｈａｐｔｅｒ 4, ｐｐ. 4.3-4.10. Ｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌ Ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ ａｎｄ Ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ ｆｒｏｍ Ｔｈｅ Ａｃｔｕａｒｙ'ｓ Ｆｒｅｅ Ｓｔｕｄｙ Ｇｕｉｄｅ Ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ Ｓ5-50-1. Ｗｈｉｃｈ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ ａｂｏｕｔ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙ ａｎｄ ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｓ ａｒｅ ｔｒｕｅ? Ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ ｏｎｅ ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｍａｙ ｂｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ: (ａ) Ｓｐｅｃｉａｌｔｙ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒｓ - ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｒｓ ｏｆ ａｖｉａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ, ｌｉｖｅｓｔｏｃｋ ｍｏｒｔａｌｉｔｙ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒｓ, ｏｒ ｓｕｒｅｔｙ ｂｏｎｄｓ - ｔｅｎｄ ｔｏ ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｉｚｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙ. (ｂ) Ｗｈｅｎ ａ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｒ ｏｒ ｍａｎａｇｉｎｇ ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ ａｇｅｎｔ (ＭＧＡ) ｉｓ ｇｉｖｅｎ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒ, ｔｈｉｓ ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｌｙ ｃｏｍｅｓ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｌｏｗｅｒ ｃｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ ｒａｔｅ, ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｒ ｏｒ ＭＧＡ ｉｓ ｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｌｙ ｂｕｙｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｒｉｇｈｔ ｔｈｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅ ｐｏｌｉｃｉｅｓ ａｔ ｉｔｓ ｄｉｓｃｒｅｔｉｏｎ. (ｃ) Ｆｏｒ ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ ｐｏｌｉｃｙｈｏｌｄｅｒｓ ｗｈｏ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅ ｈｉｇｈ ｌｉｍｉｔｓ ｏｆ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ, ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｒ ｉｓ ｍｏｒｅ ｌｉｋｅｌｙ ｔｏ ｈａｖｅ ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙ. (ｄ) Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｉｚｅｄ ａｎｄ ｄｅｃｅｎｔｒａｌｉｚｅｄ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙ ｂｏｔｈ ｕｌｔｉｍａｔｅｌｙ ｓｅｒｖｅ ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ ｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌ ｐｕｒｐｏｓｅ ｏｆ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ, ｉｎ ｔｅｒｍｓ ｏｆ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｎｇ ｗｈａｔ ｌｏｓｓ ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅｓ ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ, ａｔ ｗｈａｔ ｐｒｉｃｅｓ, ａｎｄ ｕｎｄｅｒ ｗｈａｔ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ. (ｅ) Ｔｈｅ ｐｒｉｍａｒｙ ｐｕｒｐｏｓｅ ｏｆ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ｉｓ ｔｏ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐ ａｎｄ ｍａｉｎｔａｉｎ ａ ｐｒｏｆｉｔａｂｌｅ ｂｏｏｋ ｏｆ ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒ. (ｆ) Ａ "ｂｏｏｋ ｏｆ ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ" ｒｅｆｅｒｓ ｏｎｌｙ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｅｎｔｉｒｅｔｙ ｏｆ ｐｏｌｉｃｉｅｓ ａｎ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒ ｈａｓ ｉｎ ｆｏｒｃｅ. Ａｎｙ ｓｕｂｇｒｏｕｐ ｏｆ ｔｈｅｓｅ ｐｏｌｉｃｉｅｓ ｉｓ ｃａｌｌｅｄ ａ "ｃｈａｐｔｅｒ ｏｆ ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ". (ｇ) Ｃａｒｅｆｕｌ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅｓ ｃａｎ ｍｉｎｉｍｉｚｅ ｔｈｅ ｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎｏｎ ｏｆ ａｄｖｅｒｓｅ ｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ, ｗｈｉｃｈ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎｏｎ ｂｙ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓ ｗｈｏｓｅ ｐｒｏｂａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｌｏｓｓ ｉｓ ｇｒｅａｔｅｓｔ ａｒｅ ａｌｓｏ ｔｈｅ ｍｏｓｔ ｌｉｋｅｌｙ ｔｏ ｐｕｒｃｈａｓｅ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ. Ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ Ｓ5-50-1. Ｔｈｉｓ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ ｉｓ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｉｏｎ ｉｎ Ｍｙｈｒ ａｎｄ Ｍａｒｋｈａｍ, ｐ. 4.4. Ｔｈｅ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ａｎｓｗｅｒｓ ａｒｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ: (ａ) Ｓｐｅｃｉａｌｔｙ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒｓ - ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｒｓ ｏｆ ａｖｉａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ, ｌｉｖｅｓｔｏｃｋ ｍｏｒｔａｌｉｔｙ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒｓ, ｏｒ ｓｕｒｅｔｙ ｂｏｎｄｓ - ｔｅｎｄ ｔｏ ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｉｚｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙ. (ｄ) Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｉｚｅｄ ａｎｄ ｄｅｃｅｎｔｒａｌｉｚｅｄ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙ ｂｏｔｈ ｕｌｔｉｍａｔｅｌｙ ｓｅｒｖｅ ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ ｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌ ｐｕｒｐｏｓｅ ｏｆ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ, ｉｎ ｔｅｒｍｓ ｏｆ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｎｇ ｗｈａｔ ｌｏｓｓ ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅｓ ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ, ａｔ ｗｈａｔ ｐｒｉｃｅｓ, ａｎｄ ｕｎｄｅｒ ｗｈａｔ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ. (ｅ) Ｔｈｅ ｐｒｉｍａｒｙ ｐｕｒｐｏｓｅ ｏｆ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ｉｓ ｔｏ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐ ａｎｄ ｍａｉｎｔａｉｎ ａ ｐｒｏｆｉｔａｂｌｅ ｂｏｏｋ ｏｆ ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒ. (ｇ) Ｃａｒｅｆｕｌ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅｓ ｃａｎ ｍｉｎｉｍｉｚｅ ｔｈｅ ｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎｏｎ ｏｆ ａｄｖｅｒｓｅ ｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ, ｗｈｉｃｈ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎｏｎ ｂｙ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓ ｗｈｏｓｅ ｐｒｏｂａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｌｏｓｓ ｉｓ ｇｒｅａｔｅｓｔ ａｒｅ ａｌｓｏ ｔｈｅ ｍｏｓｔ ｌｉｋｅｌｙ ｔｏ ｐｕｒｃｈａｓｅ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ. Ｃｈｏｉｃｅ (ｂ) ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ; ｗｈｅｎ ａ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｒ ｏｒ ｍａｎａｇｉｎｇ ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ ａｇｅｎｔ (ＭＧＡ) ｉｓ ｇｉｖｅｎ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒ, ｔｈｉｓ ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｌｙ ｃｏｍｅｓ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｃｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ ｒａｔｅ ａｎｄ ａ ｌａｒｇｅｒ ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅ ｏｆ ｐｒｏｆｉｔｓ ｓｈａｒｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｒ ｏｒ ＭＧＡ. Ｔｈｉｓ ｉｓ ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ, ｂｙ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ｐｏｌｉｃｉｅｓ, ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｒ ｏｒ ＭＧＡ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｄｏｉｎｇ ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ ｖａｌｕａｂｌｅ ｗｏｒｋ ｉｎ ｐｌａｃｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒ. Ｃｈｏｉｃｅ (ｃ) ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ; ｆｏｒ ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ ｐｏｌｉｃｙｈｏｌｄｅｒｓ ｗｈｏ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅ ｈｉｇｈ ｌｉｍｉｔｓ ｏｆ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ, ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｒ ｉｓ ｌｅｓｓ ｌｉｋｅｌｙ ｔｏ ｈａｖｅ ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙ. Ｔｈｅ ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ ｐｏｌｉｃｙｈｏｌｄｅｒｓ ａｒｅ ｌｉｋｅｌｉｅｒ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｒｅｆｅｒｒｅｄ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒ'ｓ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒ(ｓ), ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｌｉｍｉｔｓ ｏｆ ｃｏｖｅｒａｇｅ ｅｎｔａｉｌｓ ｇｒｅａｔｅｒ ｒｉｓｋ. Ｃｈｏｉｃｅ (ｆ) ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ; ａ "ｂｏｏｋ ｏｆ ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ" ｃａｎ ｒｅｆｅｒ ｔｏ ａｌｌ ｔｈｅ ｐｏｌｉｃｉｅｓ ａｎ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒ ｈａｓ ｉｎ ｆｏｒｃｅ, ｏｒ ｔｏ ｓｏｍｅ ｓｕｂｇｒｏｕｐ ｏｆ ｔｈｏｓｅ ｐｏｌｉｃｉｅｓ. Ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ Ｓ5-50-2. Ｍｙｈｒ ａｎｄ Ｍａｒｋｈａｍ, ｐ. 4.4, ｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅ ｓｉｘ ｓｔｅｐｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ: 1. Ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｎｇ ｌｏｓｓ ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅｓ 2. Ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｉｎｇ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅｓ 3. Ｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｎｇ ａｎ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅ 4. Ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅ ｐｒｅｍｉｕｍ 5. Ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ 6. Ｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｌｏｓｓ ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅｓ Ｅａｃｈ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｓｃｅｎａｒｉｏｓ ｂｅｌｏｗ ｐｅｒｔａｉｎｓ ｔｏ ａｎ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｎｇ ａｎ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｆｒｏｍ Ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ Φ, ｗｈｏ ｈａｓ ｒｅｑｕｅｓｔｅｄ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ ｏｎ ａ ｖａｌｕａｂｌｅ ｗｏｏｄｅｎ ｆｉｇｕｒｉｎｅ. Ｅａｃｈ ｓｃｅｎａｒｉｏ ａｌｓｏ ｐｅｒｔａｉｎｓ ｔｏ ｏｎｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ｓｔｅｐｓ ａｂｏｖｅ. Ｍａｔｃｈ ｅａｃｈ ｓｃｅｎａｒｉｏ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ｓｔｅｐ ｉｔ ｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓ. (ａ) Ｔｈｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒ ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｓ ｔｈｒｅｅ ｏｐｔｉｏｎｓ ｆｏｒ ｈｏｗ ｔｏ ｔｒｅａｔ Ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ Φ'ｓ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ: 1) Ｒｅｊｅｃｔ ｔｈｅ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ａｌｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒ ａｓ ａｎ ｕｎａｃｃｅｐｔａｂｌｅ ｒｉｓｋ; 2) Ａｃｃｅｐｔ ｔｈｅ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ, ｂｕｔ ｃｈａｒｇｅ Ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ Φ ａ ｐｒｅｍｉｕｍ ｔｗｉｃｅ ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ ｌｅｖｅｌ, ｔｏ ｃｏｍｐｅｎｓａｔｅ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｕｎｕｓｕａｌｌｙ ｈｉｇｈ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｏｆ ｒｉｓｋ ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ; 3) Ａｃｃｅｐｔ ｔｈｅ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ, ｂｕｔ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅ Ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ Φ ｔｏ ｐｕｒｃｈａｓｅ ａ ｂｕｌｌｅｔｐｒｏｏｆ ｒｅｉｎｆｏｒｃｅｄ ｇｌａｓｓ ｃａｓｅ ｗｉｔｈ ａｎ ａｔｔａｃｈｅｄ ａｌａｒｍ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ. Ｔｈｅ ｆｉｇｕｒｉｎｅ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｎｅｅｄ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｋｅｐｔ ｗｉｔｈｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｃａｓｅ, ｗｈｉｃｈ ｔｈｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒ ｅｘｐｅｃｔｓ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｄｅｔｅｒ ｗｏｕｌｄ-ｂｅ ｔｈｉｅｖｅｓ ａｎｄ ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔ ｔｅｒｍｉｔｅｓ ｆｒｏｍ ｇｅｔｔｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｆｉｇｕｒｉｎｇ. (ｂ) Ｔｈｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒ ｉｓｓｕｅｓ ａｎ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ ｐｏｌｉｃｙ ｔｏ Ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ Φ ｏｎ ｈｉｓ ｆｉｇｕｒｉｎｅ ａｎｄ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｓ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ ｔｏ ｐａｙ ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ ｐｒｅｍｉｕｍ ｆｏｒ ｓｕｃｈ ａ ｐｏｌｉｃｙ, ｗｈｉｃｈ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ ｐａｙｓ ｉｎ ｆｕｌｌ. Ｔｈｅ ｐｏｌｉｃｙ ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ ａ ｍａｎｕｓｃｒｉｐｔ ｅｎｄｏｒｓｅｍｅｎｔ, ｗｈｉｃｈ ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｓ, ａｓ ａ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｐｏｌｉｃｙ, ｔｈａｔ Ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ Φ ｍｕｓｔ ｐｕｒｃｈａｓｅ ａ ｂｕｌｌｅｔｐｒｏｏｆ ｒｅｉｎｆｏｒｃｅｄ ｇｌａｓｓ ｃａｓｅ ｗｉｔｈ ａｎ ａｔｔａｃｈｅｄ ａｌａｒｍ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ, ｉｎ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｔｈｅ ｆｉｇｕｒｉｎｅ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｋｅｐｔ. (ｃ) Ｔｈｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒ'ｓ ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ ｓｈｏｗｓ ｔｈａｔ Ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ Φ'ｓ ｆｉｇｕｒｉｎｅ ｉｓ ｍｏｓｔ ｖｕｌｎｅｒａｂｌｅ ｔｏ ｔｈｅｆｔ ａｎｄ ｔｏ ｔｅｒｍｉｔｅｓ. Ｉｎ ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ, ｔｈｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒ ｕｓｅｄ ｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌ ｄａｔａ ｐｅｒｔａｉｎｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｓｉｍｉｌａｒ ｗｏｏｄｅｎ ｆｉｇｕｒｉｎｅｓ ａｓ ｗｅｌｌ ａｓ ｔｈｅｆｔ ａｎｄ ｔｅｒｍｉｔｅ ｉｎｆｅｓｔａｔｉｏｎ ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ ｐｅｒｔａｉｎｉｎｇ ｔｏ Ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ Φ'ｓ ｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌ ａｒｅａ. Ｔｈｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒ ｃｏｎｃｌｕｄｅｓ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ ｌｏｓｓ ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅｓ ａｒｅ ｔｏｏ ｒｉｓｋｙ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒ ｔｏ ａｃｃｅｐｔ ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ ｐｒｅｍｉｕｍ ｌｅｖｅｌ. (ｄ) Ｔｈｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒ ｄｅｃｉｄｅｓ ｔｈａｔ Ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ Φ ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ ｃｈａｒｇｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ ｐｒｅｍｉｕｍ, ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｈｅ ｐｕｒｃｈａｓｅｓ ａ ｂｕｌｌｅｔｐｒｏｏｆ ｒｅｉｎｆｏｒｃｅｄ ｇｌａｓｓ ｃａｓｅ ｗｉｔｈ ａｎ ａｔｔａｃｈｅｄ ａｌａｒｍ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ, ｉｎ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｔｈｅ ｆｉｇｕｒｉｎｅ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｋｅｐｔ. (ｅ) Ｅｖｅｒｙ ｙｅａｒ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ ｐｏｌｉｃｙ ｉｓ ｉｎ ｆｏｒｃｅ, ｔｈｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒ ｗｏｒｋｓ ｗｉｔｈ ａｎ ｉｎｓｐｅｃｔｏｒ ａｎｄ ａｒｒａｎｇｅｓ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｐｅｃｔｏｒ ｔｏ ｖｉｓｉｔ Ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ Φ'ｓ ｈｏｍｅ ａｎｄ ｖｅｒｉｆｙ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｗｏｏｄｅｎ ｆｉｇｕｒｉｎｅ ｉｓ ｂｅｉｎｇ ｋｅｐｔ ｉｎ ａ ｂｕｌｌｅｔｐｒｏｏｆ ｒｅｉｎｆｏｒｃｅｄ ｇｌａｓｓ ｃａｓｅ. Ｔｈｅ Ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ ｉｓ ａｌｓｏ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ ｔｏ ｓｕｂｍｉｔ ｍｏｎｔｈｌｙ ｐｈｏｔｏｇｒａｐｈｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｆｉｇｕｒｉｎｅ ｗｉｔｈｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｃａｓｅ, ｔｏ ｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｅ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｃａｓｅ ｈａｓ ｎｏｔ ｂｅｅｎ ｂｒｏｋｅｎ ｏｒ ｓｏｌｄ. (ｆ) Ｔｈｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒ ｄｅｃｉｄｅｓ ｔｈａｔ Ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ Φ'ｓ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｒ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｗｏｏｄｅｎ ｆｉｇｕｒｉｎｅ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄ, ｂｕｔ ｔｈａｔ Ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ Φ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ ｔｏ ｐｕｒｃｈａｓｅ ａ ｂｕｌｌｅｔｐｒｏｏｆ ｒｅｉｎｆｏｒｃｅｄ ｇｌａｓｓ ｃａｓｅ ｗｉｔｈ ａｎ ａｔｔａｃｈｅｄ ａｌａｒｍ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ. Ｔｈｅ ｆｉｇｕｒｉｎｅ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｎｅｅｄ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｋｅｐｔ ｗｉｔｈｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｃａｓｅ. Ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ Ｓ5-50-2. Ｓｃｅｎａｒｉｏ (ａ) ｉｓ ａｎ ｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｓｔｅｐ 2. Ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｉｎｇ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅｓ. Ｓｃｅｎａｒｉｏ (ｂ) ｉｓ ａｎ ｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｓｔｅｐ 5. Ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ. Ｓｃｅｎａｒｉｏ (ｃ) ｉｓ ａｎ ｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｓｔｅｐ 1. Ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｎｇ ｌｏｓｓ ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅｓ. Ｓｃｅｎａｒｉｏ (ｄ) ｉｓ ａｎ ｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｓｔｅｐ 4. Ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅ ｐｒｅｍｉｕｍ. Ｓｃｅｎａｒｉｏ (ｅ) ｉｓ ａｎ ｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｓｔｅｐ 6. Ｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｌｏｓｓ ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅｓ Ｓｃｅｎａｒｉｏ (ｆ) ｉｓ ａｎ ｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｓｔｅｐ 3. Ｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｎｇ ａｎ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅ. Ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ Ｓ5-50-3. Ｗｈｉｃｈ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ ａｂｏｕｔ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ａｒｅ ｔｒｕｅ? Ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ ｏｎｅ ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｍａｙ ｂｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ. (ａ) Ｉｔ ｉｓ ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｌｙ ｓｉｍｐｌｅｒ ｆｏｒ ｄｉｒｅｃｔ ｗｒｉｔｅｒｓ ａｎｄ ｅｘｃｌｕｓｉｖｅ ａｇｅｎｔｓ, ａｓ ｏｐｐｏｓｅｄ ｔｏ ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ ａｇｅｎｔｓ, ｔｏ ｆｏｌｌｏｗ ｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｌｉｃｉｔ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ｇｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒ ｔｈｅｙ ｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ ｒｉｇｈｔ ａｗａｙ ｗｈｅｎ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｎｇ ａ ｐｏｌｉｃｙｈｏｌｄｅｒ'ｓ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ. (ｂ) Ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ ａｇｅｎｔｓ ｆａｃｅ ｔｈｅ ａｄｄｅｄ ｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅ ｏｆ ｍａｔｃｈｉｎｇ ｔｈｅｉｒ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｎｔｓ ｆｏｒ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒｓ ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｂｅｓｔ ｓｅｒｖｅ ｔｈｏｓｅ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｎｔｓ' ｎｅｅｄｓ. (ｃ) ＡＣＯＲＤ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ ａｒｅ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｌｙ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ ｂｙ ｅａｃｈ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒ ｉｎ ｏｒｄｅｒ ｔｏ ｆａｃｉｌｉｔａｔｅ ｔｈｅ ｍａｘｉｍａｌ ａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｔｏ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｅ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｎｔｓ' ａｄｈｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｔｏ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒ-ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ｇｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅｓ. (ｄ) Ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒｓ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｏｎｌｙ ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒ ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ, ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｒｅｃｏｒｄｅｄ ｆａｃｔｓ ｔｈａｔ ｃａｎ ｂｅ ｖｅｒｉｆｉｅｄ, ｗｈｅｎ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｎｇ ａｎ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ. Ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ, ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｏｐｉｎｉｏｎｓ ｏｒ ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ ｉｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｓ, ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ａｌｗａｙｓ ｂｅ ｄｉｓｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄ ａｓ ｉｒｒｅｌｅｖａｎｔ. (ｅ) Ｅｘｔｅｒｎａｌ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ, ｗｈｉｃｈ ｃｏｍｅｓ ｆｒｏｍ ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒ'ｓ ｉｎ-ｈｏｕｓｅ ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓ, ｉｓ ｏｆｔｅｎ ｌｅｓｓ ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｌ ａｎｄ ｍｏｒｅ ｔｉｍｅ-ｃｏｎｓｕｍｉｎｇ ｔｏ ａｃｃｅｓｓ ｔｈａｎ ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ. (ｆ) Ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒｓ ｏｆｔｅｎ ｕｓｅ ｒｅｐｏｒｔｓ ｂｙ ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ ｉｎｓｐｅｃｔｏｒｓ ｏｒ ｂｙ ｌｏｓｓ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｐｅｒｓｏｎｎｅｌ ｔｏ ｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒ ｆａｃｔｓ ａｂｏｕｔ ａｎ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ'ｓ ｓａｆｅｔｙ ｒｅｃｏｒｄ ａｎｄ ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ (ｆｏｒ ａ ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ ｏｒ ｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｃｅ). (ｇ) Ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ ｒｅｃｏｒｄｓ, ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ ａｎｄ ｃｉｖｉｌ ｃｏｕｒｔ ｒｅｃｏｒｄｓ, ｒｅｃｏｒｄｓ ｏｆ ｂａｎｋｒｕｐｔｃｙ ｆｉｌｉｎｇｓ, ａｎｄ ｍｏｔｏｒ ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ ｒｅｃｏｒｄｓ, ａｒｅ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｅｄ ｂｙ ｐｒｉｖａｃｙ ｌａｗｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ ｍａｙ ｎｏｔ ｂｅ ａｃｃｅｓｓｅｄ ｂｙ ｐｒｉｖａｔｅ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒｓ, ｅｖｅｎ ｔｈｏｕｇｈ ｔｈｉｓ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｍｉｇｈｔ ｂｅ ｕｓｅｆｕｌ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ. Ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ Ｓ5-50-3. Ｔｈｉｓ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ ｉｓ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｉｏｎ ｉｎ Ｍｙｈｒ ａｎｄ Ｍａｒｋｈａｍ, ｐｐ. 4.6-4.7. Ｔｈｅ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ａｎｓｗｅｒｓ ａｒｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ: (ａ) Ｉｔ ｉｓ ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｌｙ ｓｉｍｐｌｅｒ ｆｏｒ ｄｉｒｅｃｔ ｗｒｉｔｅｒｓ ａｎｄ ｅｘｃｌｕｓｉｖｅ ａｇｅｎｔｓ, ａｓ ｏｐｐｏｓｅｄ ｔｏ ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ ａｇｅｎｔｓ, ｔｏ ｆｏｌｌｏｗ ｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｌｉｃｉｔ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ｇｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒ ｔｈｅｙ ｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ ｒｉｇｈｔ ａｗａｙ ｗｈｅｎ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｎｇ ａ ｐｏｌｉｃｙｈｏｌｄｅｒ'ｓ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ. (ｂ) Ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ ａｇｅｎｔｓ ｆａｃｅ ｔｈｅ ａｄｄｅｄ ｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅ ｏｆ ｍａｔｃｈｉｎｇ ｔｈｅｉｒ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｎｔｓ ｆｏｒ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒｓ ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｂｅｓｔ ｓｅｒｖｅ ｔｈｏｓｅ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｎｔｓ' ｎｅｅｄｓ. (ｅ) Ｅｘｔｅｒｎａｌ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ, ｗｈｉｃｈ ｃｏｍｅｓ ｆｒｏｍ ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒ'ｓ ｉｎ-ｈｏｕｓｅ ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓ, ｉｓ ｏｆｔｅｎ ｌｅｓｓ ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｌ ａｎｄ ｍｏｒｅ ｔｉｍｅ-ｃｏｎｓｕｍｉｎｇ ｔｏ ａｃｃｅｓｓ ｔｈａｎ ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ. (ｆ) Ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒｓ ｏｆｔｅｎ ｕｓｅ ｒｅｐｏｒｔｓ ｂｙ ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ ｉｎｓｐｅｃｔｏｒｓ ｏｒ ｂｙ ｌｏｓｓ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｐｅｒｓｏｎｎｅｌ ｔｏ ｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒ ｆａｃｔｓ ａｂｏｕｔ ａｎ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄ'ｓ ｓａｆｅｔｙ ｒｅｃｏｒｄ ａｎｄ ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ (ｆｏｒ ａ ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ ｏｒ ｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｃｅ). Ｃｈｏｉｃｅ (ｃ) ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ; ＡＣＯＲＤ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ ａｒｅ ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｉｚｅｄ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ ｂｙ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｓ. Ｃｈｏｉｃｅ (ｄ) ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ; ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒｓ ｃａｎ ｕｓｅｆｕｌｌｙ ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒ ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ, ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅｙ ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅ ｔｈｅ ｐｏｓｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｂｉａｓ ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｅｄ ｉｎ ｓｕｃｈ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｔｒｙ ｔｏ ｓｕｐｐｌｅｍｅｎｔ ｉｔ ｗｉｔｈ ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ａｎ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ ｂｉａｓｅｓ. Ｃｈｏｉｃｅ (ｇ) ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ; ｔｈｅ ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ ｒｅｃｏｒｄｓ ｍｅｎｔｉｏｎｅｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ ａｒｅ ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｌｙ ａｃｃｅｓｓｉｂｌｅ ｔｏ ｐｒｉｖａｔｅ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒｓ. Ｐｒｉｖａｃｙ ｌａｗｓ ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙ ｄｏ ｎｏｔ ｐｒｏｈｉｂｉｔ ｓｕｃｈ ａｃｃｅｓｓ. Ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ Ｓ5-50-4. Ｍｙｈｒ ａｎｄ Ｍａｒｋｈａｍ, ｐ. 4.7, ｄｉｓｃｕｓｓ ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ｒａｔｉｎｇ ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｔｈｅｙ ｃａｎ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ ｔｏ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒｓ. (ａ) Ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ ｆｏｕｒ ｅｘａｍｐｌｅｓ ｏｆ ｅｉｔｈｅｒ ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ｒａｔｉｎｇ ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓ ｔｈａｔ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒｓ ｕｓｅ ｏｒ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｔｈａｔ ｉｓ ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｌｙ ａｃｃｅｓｓｉｂｌｅ ｔｏ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒｓ. (ｂ) Ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ ｔｗｏ ｅｘａｍｐｌｅｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｕｓｅｆｕｌ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｔｈａｔ ｕｓｉｎｇ ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ｒａｔｉｎｇ ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓ ｃａｎ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ ｔｏ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒｓ. Ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ Ｓ5-50-4. (ａ) Ｔｈｅ ｆｏｕｒ ｅｘａｍｐｌｅｓ ｍｅｎｔｉｏｎｅｄ ｂｙ Ｍｙｈｒ ａｎｄ Ｍａｒｋｈａｍ, ｐ. 4.7, ａｒｅ ａｓ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｓ: 1. Ｄｕｎ & Ｂｒａｄｓｔｒｅｅｔ (Ｄ&Ｂ) 2. Ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ & Ｐｏｏｒ'ｓ 3. ＴＲＷ 4. Ｔｈｅ 10-Ｋ ｆｏｒｍ, ｆｉｌｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ Ｓｅｃｕｒｉｔｉｅｓ ａｎｄ Ｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅ Ｃｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ (ＳＥＣ) Ｏｔｈｅｒ ｖａｌｉｄ ｅｘａｍｐｌｅｓ ａｒｅ ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ. (ｂ) Ｔｈｅ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｕｓｅｆｕｌ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｉｓ ｍｅｎｔｉｏｎｅｄ ｂｙ Ｍｙｈｒ ａｎｄ Ｍａｒｋｈａｍ, ｐ. 4.7: 1. "Ｄａｔａ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｃｒｅｄｉｔ ｒａｔｉｎｇｓ ｏｆ ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌ ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ, ｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒ ｗｉｔｈ ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ ａｖｅｒａｇｅｓ ｆｏｒ ｃｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎ." 2. Ｖｅｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ａｎ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｎｔ'ｓ ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ ａｎｄ "ａｎ ｏｖｅｒａｌｌ ｐｉｃｔｕｒｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｎｔ'ｓ ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ｓｔａｔｕｓ." 3. "Ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ｒａｔｉｏｓ ｕｓｅｄ ｔｏ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｅ ａ ｆｉｒｍ'ｓ ｌｉｑｕｉｄｉｔｙ, ｐｒｏｆｉｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ, ａｎｄ ｄｅｂｔ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ." Ｏｔｈｅｒ ｖａｌｉｄ ｅｘａｍｐｌｅｓ ａｒｅ ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ. Ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ Ｓ5-50-5. Ｗｈｉｃｈ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ ａｂｏｕｔ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ ｔｏ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒｓ ａｒｅ ｔｒｕｅ? Ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ ｏｎｅ ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｍａｙ ｂｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ. (ａ) Ｆｉｅｌｄ ｍａｒｋｅｔｉｎｇ ｐｅｒｓｏｎｎｅｌ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｎｏｔ ｓｅｒｖｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｒｏｌｅ ｏｆ ｉｎｓｐｅｃｔｏｒｓ; ｔｈｉｓ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓ ａ ｃｏｎｆｌｉｃｔ ｏｆ ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ. (ｂ) Ｄａｔａ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｃａｕｓｅｓ ａｎｄ ｄａｔｅｓ ｏｆ ｌｏｓｓｅｓ ｃａｎ ｇｉｖｅ ｕｓｅｆｕｌ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ａｂｏｕｔ ｔｈｅ ｓｅａｓｏｎａｌｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒ ｌｏｓｓｅｓ. (ｃ) Ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｒｓ, ｍａｎａｇｉｎｇ ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ ａｇｅｎｔｓ (ＭＧＡｓ), ａｎｄ ｓａｌｅｓ ｍａｎａｇｅｒｓ ｃａｎ, ａｔ ｔｉｍｅｓ, ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ ｓｏｍｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ａｓ ｆｉｅｌｄ ｍａｒｋｅｔｉｎｇ ｐｅｒｓｏｎｎｅｌ. (ｄ) Ｐｒｅｍｉｕｍ ａｕｄｉｔｏｒｓ, ｂｙ ｅｘａｍｉｎｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｐｏｌｉｃｙｈｏｌｄｅｒ'ｓ ｂｏｏｋｓ, ｃａｎ ｏｎｌｙ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ａｂｏｕｔ ｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌ ｆｉｇｕｒｅｓ ｏｆ ｐｒｅｍｉｕｍ. Ａ ｓｅｐａｒａｔｅ ｉｎｓｐｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｉｓ ａｌｗａｙｓ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ ｔｏ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ ｍｏｒａｌ ｏｒ ｍｏｒａｌｅ ｈａｚａｒｄｓ. (ｅ) Ａ ｃｌａｉｍ ｆｉｌｅ ｒｅｖｉｅｗ ｃａｎ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄｓ ｗｈｏ ａｒｅ ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｓｍａｌｌ ｃｌａｉｍｓ ｔｈａｔ ｍｏｓｔ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｗｏｕｌｄ ａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅ ｔｏ ｎｏｒｍａｌ ｗｅａｒ ａｎｄ ｔｅａｒ. (ｆ) Ｌｏｎｇ-ｔｅｒｍ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｏｆ ａ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｒ'ｓ ｆｉｅｌｄ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ ａｒｅ ｎｏｔ ａ ｒｅｌｉａｂｌｅ ｍｅａｓｕｒｅ ｏｆ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｒ ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅ, ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｒｓ ｃａｎ ｍａｋｅ ｐｒｏｐｅｒ ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ ｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｓ ｂｕｔ ｓｔｉｌｌ ｆａｃｅ ａ ｒｕｎ ｏｆ ｂａｄ ｌｕｃｋ. (ｇ) Ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒｓ ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｌｙ ｄｏ ｎｏｔ ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒ ｔｈｅ ｍｉｘ ｏｆ ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ ａ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｒ ｓｕｂｍｉｔｓ ｔｏ ｔｈｅｍ, ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ ｈａｓ ｎｏｔ ｙｅｔ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｅｄ ｉｎ ｕｎｕｓｕａｌｌｙ ｄｅｔｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌ ｌｏｓｓ ｒａｔｉｏｓ. Ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ Ｓ5-50-5. Ｔｈｉｓ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ ｉｓ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｉｏｎ ｉｎ Ｍｙｈｒ ａｎｄ Ｍａｒｋｈａｍ, ｐｐ. 4.7-4.10. Ｔｈｅ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ａｎｓｗｅｒｓ ａｒｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ: (ｂ) Ｄａｔａ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｃａｕｓｅｓ ａｎｄ ｄａｔｅｓ ｏｆ ｌｏｓｓｅｓ ｃａｎ ｇｉｖｅ ｕｓｅｆｕｌ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ａｂｏｕｔ ｔｈｅ ｓｅａｓｏｎａｌｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒ ｌｏｓｓｅｓ. (ｃ) Ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｒｓ, ｍａｎａｇｉｎｇ ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ ａｇｅｎｔｓ (ＭＧＡｓ), ａｎｄ ｓａｌｅｓ ｍａｎａｇｅｒｓ ｃａｎ, ａｔ ｔｉｍｅｓ, ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ ｓｏｍｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ａｓ ｆｉｅｌｄ ｍａｒｋｅｔｉｎｇ ｐｅｒｓｏｎｎｅｌ. (ｅ) Ａ ｃｌａｉｍ ｆｉｌｅ ｒｅｖｉｅｗ ｃａｎ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｄｓ ｗｈｏ ａｒｅ ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｓｍａｌｌ ｃｌａｉｍｓ ｔｈａｔ ｍｏｓｔ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｗｏｕｌｄ ａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅ ｔｏ ｎｏｒｍａｌ ｗｅａｒ ａｎｄ ｔｅａｒ. Ｃｈｏｉｃｅ (ａ) ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ; ｆｉｅｌｄ ｍａｒｋｅｔｉｎｇ ｐｅｒｓｏｎｎｅｌ ａｒｅ ｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｓ ｕｓｅｆｕｌ ｉｎ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｉｎｇ ｓｉｍｐｌｉｆｉｅｄ ｉｎｓｐｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｒｅｐｏｒｔｓ. Ｔｈｅｒｅ ｉｓ ｎｏ ｃｏｎｆｌｉｃｔ ｏｆ ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ, ｓｉｎｃｅ ｂｏｔｈ ｆｉｅｌｄ ｍａｒｋｅｔｉｎｇ ｐｅｒｓｏｎｎｅｌ ａｎｄ ｉｎｓｐｅｃｔｏｒｓ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒ. Ｃｈｏｉｃｅ (ｄ) ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ; ｐｒｅｍｉｕｍ ａｕｄｉｔｏｒｓ' ｖｉｓｉｔｓ ｃａｎ ｏｆｔｅｎ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ ｍｏｒａｌ ａｎｄ ｍｏｒａｌｅ ｈａｚａｒｄｓ. Ｃｈｏｉｃｅ (ｆ) ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ; ｗｈｉｌｅ ｂａｄ ｌｕｃｋ ｉｓ ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｌｙ ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ, ｌｏｎｇ-ｔｅｒｍ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｔｅｎｄ ｔｏ ｇｉｖｅ ａｔ ｌｅａｓｔ ａｎ ｉｎｉｔｉａｌ ｉｄｅａ ｏｆ ｈｏｗ ｗｅｌｌ ａ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｒ ｉｓ ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍｉｎｇ. Ｔｈｅｓｅ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄ ａｌｏｎｇ ｗｉｔｈ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｒｅｌｅｖａｎｔ ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｓ ａｎｄ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ. Ｃｈｏｉｃｅ (ｇ) ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ; ｉｎｓｕｒｅｒｓ ｏｆｔｅｎ ｈａｖｅ ｃｒｉｔｅｒｉａ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｍｉｘ ｏｆ ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ ｔｈｅｙ ｗｉｓｈ ｔｏ ｈａｖｅ, ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｆ ｈｏｗ ｒｉｓｋｙ ｔｈａｔ ｍｉｘ ｏｆ ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ ｃａｎ ｂｅ ｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｆｕｔｕｒｅ. Ｓｅｅ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｆ Ｔｈｅ Ａｃｔｕａｒｙ'ｓ Ｆｒｅｅ Ｓｔｕｄｙ Ｇｕｉｄｅ ｆｏｒ Ｅｘａｍ 5. |
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Practice Accounting - Blog Homepage Results
This blog is dedicated to describe normal accounting & auditing practices. Questions could be sent to myauditing@gmail.com Response would be ...
This blog is dedicated to the subject of accounting practice business development. (However, the information is relevant to any professional service provider...
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